The conflict between Milan and its opponents is one that has been largely forgotten in history, but it was a significant event that had a profound impact on the development of Italy as we know it today.

The conflict began when Milan, under the leadership of King Ferrante I, declared itself independent from the Papal States in 1479. The Papacy, led by Pope Sixtus IV, saw this as a threat to their authority and launched a series of attacks against Milan. These attacks were brutal and resulted in thousands of deaths, including civilians and soldiers alike.

Despite these attacks, Milan continued to resist the Papacy's attempts to conquer it. In 1502, King Ferrante was killed during a battle with the Papacy, and his son, Duke Cosimo I, took over as ruler of Milan. However, he was unable to defeat the Papacy and eventually signed a peace treaty in 1526, which granted him control over Milan but also acknowledged the sovereignty of Rome.

The conflict between Milan and its opponents is often referred to as the War of the League of Cambrai or the War of the League of Cognac. It lasted for almost two centuries, from 1479 to 1648, and involved multiple European powers, including France, Spain, England, and Austria.

Despite being largely forgotten in history, the conflict played a crucial role in shaping the modern Italian state. It led to the rise of Milan as a major power in Europe and helped to establish the principles of nationalism and independence that would later shape Italian politics and culture. Additionally, it provided a template for other conflicts between powerful nations and their adversaries, such as those involving France and Britain in the 18th century.

In conclusion, the conflict between Milan and its opponents was a significant event in Italian history that shaped the country's political and cultural landscape. While it may not be remembered as prominently as some other historical events, it remains an important part of our understanding of the development of Italy as we know it today.